Recent studies (Rohman, 2020; Fadli, 2021) show that Indonesian Muslims increasingly search for PDFs of prayer books due to convenience, cost (free), and smartphone proliferation. However, these studies note a decline in talaqqi (face-to-face recitation).
The Digitization of Islamic Liturgy: A Study on the Accessibility and Usage of Majmu’ Syarif PDF Files
In classical Islam, a text like Majmu’ Syarif was not merely read; it was recited with tajwid (proper pronunciation) and often authorized by a teacher ( sanad ). The physical book served as a mnemonic aid.
