States - Of Matter Goodstein Pdf
In a liquid, the atoms or molecules are close together, but are free to move past one another. Liquids have a definite volume, but take the shape of their container. The intermolecular forces in a liquid are weaker than those in a solid, and are responsible for the liquid's viscosity and surface tension.
Callen, H. B. (1985). Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatics. John Wiley & Sons. states of matter goodstein pdf
In conclusion, the states of matter are a fundamental concept in physics, and are essential to understanding a wide range of phenomena in the natural world. The characteristics of each state, and the phase transitions that occur between them, are governed by the underlying physics of the system. In a liquid, the atoms or molecules are
https://www.amazon.com/States-Matter-Donald-Goodstein/dp-0486490317 Callen, H
In a gas, the atoms or molecules are widely spaced and are free to move in any direction. Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume, and will expand to fill their container. The intermolecular forces in a gas are very weak, and are often negligible.
(I will provide a link to a free pdf of the book " States of Matter" by Goodstein
Donald Goodstein, California Institute of Technology
