Structural Analysis Formulas Pdf Direct

[ \fracKLr, \quad r = \sqrt\fracIA ] For a pin-jointed truss in equilibrium at each joint:

In 3D:

Member force (axial): [ F = \sigma A = \frac\delta AEL ] Carry-over factor (for prismatic member): 1/2 Member stiffness: [ k = \frac4EIL \quad (\textfixed far end) \quad \textor \quad k = \frac3EIL \quad (\textpinned far end) ] structural analysis formulas pdf